Service profile identifier (spid) based network transition technique with user equipment (ue) reporting

ABSTRACT

A mobile network operator (MNO) base station, e.g., an eNB, instructs a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) user equipment (UE) to monitor to detect signals from base stations in its MVNO network and to report back the results. If the UE reports to the MNO base station, that it has detected signals from base stations, e.g. CBSDs, in its MVNO, the MNO base station applies one or more rules included in a stored Service Profile Identifier, corresponding to the UE, the applying of the one or more rules causes the MNO base station to disconnect or deny service to the UE. Alternatively, when it is determined that the UE did not detect a signal from a base station, e.g. a CBSD, in its MVNO, then the MNO base station provides communications service to the UE.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U. S. Pat. ApplicationSerial No. 17/140,067 filed on Jan. 2, 2021, which published as U.S.Pat. Publication US 2022-0217623 A1on Jul. 7, 2022, and which is herebyexpressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present invention relates to wireless communications systemsincluding a mobile network operator (MNO) network and a mobile virtualnetwork operator (MVNO) network, and more particularly, to methods andapparatus for controlling MVNO user equipments (UEs), to use and remainattached to the MVNO network, e.g., as much as possible.

BACKGROUND

MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) servicer providers often usenetwork devices which they own or control to provide services tocustomers with one or more partner networks (MNO partner networks) beingused to supplement the coverage available from the MVNO’s own network ordevices. For cost reasons it can be desirable to avoid or limit the useof MNO partner networks but the amount of control over a partner’snetwork is often limited.

Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is a 150 MHz wide broadcast bandof the 3.5 GHz band (3550 MHz to 3700 MHz) in the United States. TheCBRS band has been designated for sharing among three tiers of users:incumbent users, priority licensees and generally authorized. The CBRSband can be used at relatively low cost compared to other frequencybands since users need not buy an exclusive license to use the band.Given the cost advantages of using CBRS, but its potential lack ofavailability or reliability, it can be desirable to use CBRS incombination with services provided by a cellular operator with cellularservices being relied upon in areas where CBRS service is unavailable.

While cellular operators are often willing to partner with otheroperators, they normally like to maintain control over their networks.While cellular operators are often willing to provide service on acontractual basis to customers of other networks, for security and otherreasons cellular service providers normally do not like to provide otherservice providers insight into their customers and/or direct controlover distribution of service profile information in their network.Service profile information is often used to control what services areprovided to individual devices within a cellular provider’s network.

While operators of CBRS based networks can provide service to customersin a cost competitive manner, customers may experience brief drops inCBRS coverage when a mobile communications device changes direction,e.g., because a vehicle in which the device is located turns or changesdirection, or a mobile device briefly passes behind an obstruction suchas a building. In many cases such movement can cause a brief coverageoutage, e.g., lasting 10 seconds or less in some cases, a mobilecommunications device which can receive service via a cellular networkas a backup may connect to Such loss of connectivity may in many casestrigger a UE to connect to a cellular base station. Once connected to acellular base station the connection with the cellular base station mayremain good for an extended period of time. The good connection candiscourage a UE from switching back to the MVNO’s network with the UEremaining on the cellular service for a lengthy period of time eventhough the UE may be near a base station corresponding to the MVNO’snetwork and could have switched the MVNO’s network.

It would be desirable if methods and/or apparatus could be developedwhich would allow user equipments (UEs) receiving service from MVNOnetworks to avoid connecting with and remaining connected to a cellularbase station for extended periods of time in areas where a loss ofconnectivity to a MVNO network device is likely to be short term, e.g.,because the UE is moving through an area in which the MVNO networkdevices provide coverage.

SUMMARY

In various embodiments a first MVNO service provider provides service toUE devices, e.g., cell phone and mobile data devices including cars forexample. The service is provided in some embodiments using one or moreCBRS devices, e.g., base stations which use CBRS spectrum to providewireless communications services. The first MVNO service providerpartners in some embodiments with a first MNO partner, e.g., anotherwireless service provider such as a cellular network service providerwhich provides service via the use of licensed spectrum.

In some embodiments a management device, e.g., HSS (Home SubscriberService) device, in the MVNO service provider network providesinternational mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) values which are used toidentify devices of subscribers to service provided by the first MVNOoperator to a service management device, e.g., a HSS device in the MNOpartner network. In this way the MVNO service provider identifiescustomer devices which are to be provided service based on an agreementbetween the MVNO service provider e.g., who operates a CBRS network insome embodiments, and an MNO service provider, e.g., who in someembodiments is a cellular network service provider who provides servicevia licensed spectrum.

In various embodiments the management device, e.g., HSS (Home SubscriberService) device in the MNO network use the IMSI information to generateService Profile Identifier (SPID) records for the customers of the MVNO.In accordance with one feature of the invention, the SPID recordsinclude one or more rules that are used to control base stations thatuse the SPID records to deny service, e.g., disconnect, customer deviceswhich connect or attempt to connect to an MNO base station but which canstill detect signals from a MVNO base station, e.g., CBSD base stationcorresponding to the MVNO. In this way, the SPID record corresponding tothe MVNO can be used to prevent connection to the MNO partner, e.g.,cellular provider, base station in cases where the inability tocommunicate with a MVNO is likely to be transient, e.g., a few second induration, as indicated by the UEs ability to detect signals from theMVNO base station. When a UE fails to detect signals from the MVNO’sbase station, the MNO base station will allow the UE to connect andremain connected to the MNO base station. This is accomplished by theMNO base station implementing the SPID rules corresponding to the UE incases where the UE detects a signal from an MVNO network and reports thesignal to the MNO base station but not in cases where the UE does notdetect and report a signal from an MVNO base station, e.g., CBRS basestation.

To facilitate the signal detection based decision to use a SPID recordcorresponding to the MVNO or to provide service to the UE based onanother record or a default set of rules, a MNO base station identifiesUEs corresponding to the MVNO system, e.g., based on their IMSIs, andrequests that they monitor to detect RF signals and report detected RFsignal information prior to deciding whether or not to apply the SPIDrules including the disconnect/do not provide service rule, to the UE’sconnection. Thus, a MNO partner base station in some embodiments requestsignal monitoring and measurements from MVNO devices before decidingwhat connection/service rules to apply but does not make the same signalmeasurement request of other devices, e.g., UE devices which are directsubscribers to one or more services provided by the MNO partner ratherthan the MVNO service provider.

An exemplary communications method, in accordance with some embodiments,comprises: operating a first Mobile Network Operator (MNO) base station(e.g., a first eNB) to instruct, a first user equipment UE whichreceives services from a first Mobile Virtual Network operator (MVNO)network to monitor to detect signals transmitted by base stations;determining, at the first MNO base station, from RF signal informationreceived from the first UE, whether a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was detected by the first UE; when it is determinedthat the first UE detected a signal from a base station in the firstMVNO network, applying at the first MNO base station one or more rulesincluded in a first Service Profile Identifier (SPID) recordcorresponding to the first UE, said applying of the one or more rulescausing the first MNO base station to disconnect or deny service to thefirst UE; and when it is determined that the first UE did not detect asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network, providingcommunication service to the first UE via the first MNO base station.

While various features discussed in the summary are used in someembodiments it should be appreciated that not all features are requiredor necessary for all embodiments and the mention of features in thesummary should in no way be interpreted as implying that the feature isnecessary or critical for all embodiments.

Numerous aspects, features, and variations on the above describedmethods and apparatus are discussed in the detailed description whichfollows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a drawing of an exemplary communications system in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment, said exemplary communications systemincluding a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) network and a Mobile VirtualNetwork Operator (MVNO) network, which are partner networks.

FIG. 2A is a first part of a flowchart of an exemplary method ofoperating a communications system in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2B is a second part of a flowchart of an exemplary method ofoperating a communications system in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2C is a third part of a flowchart of an exemplary method ofoperating a communications system in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2D is a fourth part of a flowchart of an exemplary method ofoperating a communications system in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2E is a fifth part of a flowchart of an exemplary method ofoperating a communications system in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 2 comprises the combination of FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, FIG. 2Dand FIG. 2E.

FIG. 3 is a drawing of an exemplary MNO base station, e.g., a eNB, inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of an exemplary MVNO base station, e.g., a CBSD, inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary network device, e.g., a MNO HomeSubscriber Server (HSS) device, a MVNO HSS device, a relay device, e.g.a mobility management entity (MME), or a spectrum allocation system(SAS) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of an exemplary user equipment (UE) device inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7A is a first part of a drawing of an exemplary assembly ofcomponents which may be including in an exemplary MNO base station inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7B is a second part of a drawing of an exemplary assembly ofcomponents which may be including in an exemplary MNO base station inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 comprises the combination of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a drawing illustrating the communication of MVNO UE IMSIs fromthe MVNO network to the MNO network, the generation of SPIDscorresponding to the IMSIs, and the distribution of the SPIDs to the MNObase stations in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary UE, which subscribes toMVNO service, trying to connect to a MNO base station in the exemplarysystem of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 , which is a continuation of the example of FIG. 10 , is adrawing illustrating an exemplary UE trying to connect to a base stationfollowing being rejected by MNO base station, in accordance with anexemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a drawing of an exemplary communications system 100 inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment, said exemplary communicationssystem 100 including a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) network 102 and aMobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) network 104, which are partnernetworks. The MNO network 102 includes a plurality of MNO base stations,e.g. eNBs, (MNO base station 1 106, ..., MNO base station N 108) withcorresponding wireless coverage areas (107, ..., 109), respectively, aHome Subscribe Server (HSS) 110, and a relay device 112, e.g., aMobility Management Entity (MME), coupled together via a backhaulnetwork 114. The MVNO network 104 includes a plurality of MVNO networkbase stations, e.g. CBSD base stations, (MVNO base station 1 116, MVNObase station 2 118, ..., MVNO base station M 120) with correspondingwireless coverage areas (117, 119, ..., 191), respectively, and amobility management entity (MME) 122, coupled together via a backhaulnetwork 125. Communications system 100 further includes a SpectrumAllocation System (SAS) 124, which may be part of the MVNO system 104 ormay be external to the MVNO system 104 and coupled to MVNO system 104.Communications system 100 further includes a plurality of user equipment(UE) devices (UE 1 126, UE 2 128, UE 3 130, UE 4 132, UE 5 134, UE 6136, UE 7 138, ..., UE N 140. The wireless coverage area of MVNO network104 is at least partially overlapping with the wireless coverage area ofMNO network 102. At least some of the UEs are registered to receiveservices from the MVNO 104. In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 1 126, UE 2128, UE 3 130, UE 4 132 and UE N 140 are subscribers which areregistered to receive services from the MVNO network 104 as indicated bybox 141 including “S” to indicate subscriber to MVNO network 104services, while UE 5 134, UE 6 136 and UE 7 138 are not subscribers tothe MVNO network 104. At least some of the UEs (126, 128, 130, 132, 134,136, 138, ..., 140) are mobile devices which may move throughout thesystem.

As shown in FIG. 1 , UE 1 is currently located in both the coverage area107 of MNO base station 1 106 and the coverage area 117 of MVNO basestation 1 116; UE 2 128 is currently located in the coverage area 107 ofMNO base station 1 106 but is outside the coverage area of any MVNO basestations; UE 5 134 is currently located in both the coverage area 107 ofMNO base station 1 106 and the coverage area 117 of MVNO base station 1116; UE 6 136 is currently located in the coverage area 107 of MNO basestation 1 106 but is outside the coverage area of any MVNO basestations.

As shown in FIG. 1 , UE 3 is currently located in both the coverage area107 of MNO base station 1 106 and the coverage area 119 of MVNO basestation 2 118; UE 4 132 is currently located in the coverage area 121 ofMVNO base station M 120 but is outside the coverage area of any MNO basestations; UE 7 138 is located within the coverage area 109 of MNO basestation N 108 but is outside the coverage areas of any of the MVNO basestations; and UE N 140 is located within the coverage area 109 of MNObase station N 108 but is outside the coverage areas of any of the MVNObase stations.

FIG. 2 , comprising the combination of FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, FIG.2D and FIG. 2E, is a flowchart 200 of an exemplary method of operating acommunications system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.Operation starts in step 202 in which the communications system ispowered on and initialized. Operation proceeds from start step 202 tostep 204.

In step 204 mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) base station, e.g.,citizens broadband radio service devices (CBSDs), in a first MVNOnetwork are operated to register with a spectrum access system (SAS).Step 204 includes step 206, and in some embodiments, step 208. In step206 a first MVNO base station, e.g. a first CBSD, in the first MVNO isoperated to register with the SAS. In step 208 an Nth MVNO base station,e.g. an Nth CBSD, in the first MVNO is operated to register with theSAS. Operation proceeds from step 204 to step 210.

In step 210 a home subscriber server (HSS) device in the first MVNOnetwork is operated to provide international mobile subscriber identity(IMSI) information indicating IMSIs of subscriber devices, whichsubscribe to first MVNO service, to a second HSS device in a mobilenetwork operator (MNO) network, said first MVNO network being a partnerto the MNO network. Operation proceeds to from step 210 to step 212 orstep 212, e.g., depending on the particular embodiment.

In step 212 the second HSS device is operated to generate serviceprovider identifier (SPID) records for subscriber devices whichsubscribe to first MVNO service, each SPID record corresponding to anIMSI of a device identified to the second HSS device by the first HSSdevice. Operation proceeds from step 212 to step 214. In step 214 thesecond HSS device is operated to send the generated SPID records to arelay device, e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) in the MNOnetwork for distribution to base stations, e.g., eNBs, in the MNOnetwork.

Returning to step 216, in step 216, the fist HSS device is operated togenerate service profile identifier (SPID) records for subscribers'devices which subscribe to first MVNO service, each SPID recordcorresponding to an IMSI of a device identified to the second HSS deviceby the first HSS device. Operation proceeds from step 216 to step 218.In step 218 the first HSS device is operated to send the generated SPIDrecords to a relay device, e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) inthe MNO network for distribution to base stations, e.g., eNBs, in theMNO network.

Operation proceeds from step 214 or step 218 to step 220. In step 220the relay device, e.g. MME in the MNO network, is operated to receivethe SPID records. Operation proceeds from step 220 to step 222. In step222 the relay device is operated to distribute, e.g. sends, the SPIDrecords to base stations, e.g. eNBs, in the MNO network. Operationproceeds from step 222 to step 224.

In step 224 a first MNO base station, e.g. a first eNB, is operated toreceive the SPID records. Operation proceeds from step 224 to step 226.In step 226 the first MNO base station, e.g. first eNB, is operated tostore in the first MNO base station SPID records for UE devices whichreceive services from the first MVNO, a first SPID record being one ofsaid SPID records. Operation proceeds from step 226, via connecting nodeA 228, to step 230.

In step 230 the first MNO base station, e.g., first eNB, receives aconnection signal from a first UE, said first UE having a first IMSI.Operation proceeds from step 230 to step 232.

In step 232 the first MNO base station checks, at the first MNO basestation, if the first UE is a UE corresponding to the first MVNOnetwork. Step 232 includes steps 234, 236, 238, 240. In step 234 thefirst MNO base station compares the first IMSI of the first UE to IMSIsof devices subscribing to service from the first MVNO. Operationproceeds from step 234 to step 236. In step 236, if the first IMSI ofthe first UE device matches one of the IMSIs of devices subscribing toservice from the first MVNO, then operation proceeds from step 236 tostep 238, in which the first MVNO base station determines that the firstUE corresponds to the first MVNO network. However if the first IMSI ofthe first UE device does match any of the IMSIs of devices subscribingto service from the first MVNO, then operation proceeds from step 236 tostep 240, in which the first MVNO base station determines that the firstUE does not corresponds to the first MVNO network. Operation proceedsfrom step 232 to step 242.

In step 242, if the check of step 232, determined that the first UEcorresponds to the first MVNO network, then operation proceeds from step242, via connecting node B 244, to step 250. However, if the check ofstep 232, determined that the first UE does corresponds to the firstMVNO network, then operation proceeds from step 242 to step 246, inwhich the first MNO base station provides communication service to thefirst UE via the first MNO base station without requesting the first UEto monitor to detect signals, e.g. from base stations in the first MVNOnetwork. Operation proceeds from step 246, via connecting node C 272, tostep 274.

Returning to step 250, in step 250 the first MNO base stations instructsa first UE, which receives services from the first MVNO network, tomonitor to detect signals transmitted by base stations, e.g., MNO basestations, e.g., eNBs in the MNO network, and MVNO base stations, e.g.CBSDs in the MVNO network. Operation proceeds from step 250 to step 252.In step 252 the first MNO base station receives RF signal informationfrom the first UE. Step 252 includes step 254 in which the first basestation receives one or more of: i) a network identifier, e.g., a PublicLand Mobile Network Identifier (PLMNID), or base station identifierinformation, in one or more signals received from the first UE.Operation proceeds from step 252 to step 256.

In step 256 the first base station determines, from RF signalinformation received from the first UE, whether a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was detected by the first UE. In someembodiments, the first MVNO network is a CBRS network, and step 256includes steps 258, 260, 262 and 264. In step 258 the first MNO basestation determines if the first UE detected a signal from a CBRS networkdevice corresponding to the first MVNO network. Operation proceeds fromstep 258 to step 260. In step 260 if the determination of step 258 isthat a signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the first MVNOnetwork is indicated to have been received by the first UE, thenoperation proceeds from step 260 to step 262, in which the first MNObase station determines that a signal from a base station in the firstMVNO network was detected. In step 260 if the determination of step 258is that a signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the firstMVNO network is not indicated to have been received by the first UE,then operation proceeds from step 260 to step 264, in which the firstMNO base station determines that a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was not detected.

Operation proceeds from step 256 to step 266. In step 266 if thedetermination is that a signal from a base station in the first MVNOnetwork was detected by the first UE, then operation proceeds from step266 to step 268, in which the first MNO base station applies one or morerules included in a first SPID record corresponding to the first UE,said applying of the one or more rules causing the first MNO basestation to disconnect or deny service to the first UE. In step 266 ifthe determination is that a signal from a base station in the first MVNOnetwork was not detected by the first UE, then operation proceeds fromstep 266 to step 270, in which the first MNO base station providescommunication service the first UE via the first MNO base station.Operation proceeds from step 268 or step 270 via connecting node C 272to step 274.

In step 274 the first MNO base station, e.g., the first eNB, receives aconnection signal from another UE, e.g., a second UE, said second UEhaving a second IMSI. Operation proceeds from step 274 to step 276.

In step 276 the first MNO base station checks, at the first MNO basestation, if the second UE is a UE corresponding to the first MVNOnetwork. Step 276 includes steps 278, 280, 282, 284. In step 278 thefirst MNO base station compares the second IMSI of the second UE toIMSIs of devices subscribing to service from the first MVNO. Operationproceeds from step 278 to step 280. In step 280, if the second IMSI ofthe second UE device matches one of the IMSIs of devices subscribing toservice from the first MVNO, then operation proceeds from step 280 tostep 282, in which the first MVNO base station determines that thesecond UE corresponds to the first MVNO network. However, if the secondIMSI of the second UE device does match any of the IMSIs of devicessubscribing to service from the first MVNO, then operation proceeds fromstep 280 to step 284, in which the first MVNO base station determinesthat the second UE does not corresponds to the first MVNO network.Operation proceeds from step 276 to step 286.

In step 286, if the check of step 276, determined that the second UEcorresponds to the first MVNO network, then operation proceeds from step286, via connecting node D 288, to step 296. However, if the check ofstep 276, determined that the second UE does corresponds to the firstMVNO network, then operation proceeds from step 286 to step 290, inwhich the first MNO base station provides communication service to thesecond UE via the first MNO base station without requesting the first UEto monitor to detect signals, e.g. from base stations in the first MVNOnetwork. Operation proceeds from step 292, via connecting node E 318, tothe input of step 274.

Returning to step 296, in step 296 the first MNO base stations instructsthe second UE, which receives services from the first MVNO network, tomonitor to detect signals transmitted by base stations, e.g., MNO basestations, e.g., eNBs in the MNO network, and MVNO base stations, e.g.CBSDs in the MVNO network. Operation proceeds from step 296 to step 298.In step 298 the first MNO base station receives RF signal informationfrom the second UE. Step 298 includes step 300 in which the first basestation receives one or more of: i) a network identifier, e.g., a PublicLand Mobile Network Identifier (PLMNID), or base station identifierinformation, in one or more signals received from the second UE.Operation proceeds from step 298 to step 302.

In step 302 the first base station determines, from RF signalinformation received from the second UE, whether a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was detected by the second UE. In someembodiments, the first MVNO network is a CBRS network, and step 302includes steps 304, 306, 308 and 310. In step 304 the first MNO basestation determines if the first UE detected a signal from a CBRS networkdevice corresponding to the first MVNO network. Operation proceeds fromstep 304 to step 306. In step 306 if the determination of step 304 isthat a signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the first MVNOnetwork is indicated to have been received by the second UE, thenoperation proceeds from step 306 to step 308, in which the first MNObase station determines that a signal from a base station in the firstMVNO network was detected. In step 306 if the determination of step 304is that a signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the firstMVNO network is not indicated to have been received by the second UE,then operation proceeds from step 306 to step 310, in which the firstMNO base station determines that a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was not detected.

Operation proceeds from step 302 to step 312. In step 312 if thedetermination is that a signal from a base station in the first MVNOnetwork was detected by the second UE, then operation proceeds from step312 to step 314, in which the first MNO base station applies one or morerules included in a second SPID record corresponding to the second UE,said applying of the one or more rules causing the first MNO basestation to disconnect or deny service to the second UE. In step 312 ifthe determination is that a signal from a base station in the first MVNOnetwork was not detected by the second UE, then operation proceeds fromstep 312 to step 316, in which the first MNO base station providescommunication service the second UE via the first MNO base station.Operation proceeds from step 314 or step 316 via connecting node E 318to the input of step 274.

FIG. 3 is a drawing of an exemplary MNO base station 400, e.g., an eNB,in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In various embodiments, MNObase station is a cellular base station using licensed spectrum. MNObase station 400 of FIG. 3 is, e.g., any of the MNO base stations (MNObase station 1 106, ..., MNO base station N 108) of MNO network 102 ofsystem 100 of FIG. 1 .

Exemplary MNO base station 400 includes a processor 402, e.g., a CPU, awireless interface 404, a network interface 406, an assembly of hardwarecomponents 408, e.g., assembly of circuits, and memory 410, coupledtogether via a bus 411 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information.

Wireless interface 404 includes a wireless receiver 412 coupled to oneor more receive antennas or antenna elements (426, 428) via which theMNO base station 400 may receive uplink signals from UE devices.Exemplary received uplink signals from UE devices include, e.g.,connection request signals, signal reporting information correspondingto detected base stations, RF measurement reporting signals, and trafficdata signals. Wireless interface 404 further includes a wirelesstransmitter 418 coupled to one or more transmit antennas or antennaelements (430, 432) via which the MNO base station 400 may transmitdownlink signals to UEs. Exemplary transmitted downlink signals include,e.g., base station broadcast signals conveying base stationidentification information, downlink reference signals used for powerand/or noise measurements, connection request response signals, a signalinstructing a UE which receives services from a MVNO network to monitorto detect signals transmitted by base station, and downlink trafficsignals directed to a UE.

Network interface 406, e.g., a wired or optical interface, includes areceiver 416 and a transmitter 418, e.g., via which the MNO base stationis coupled to other network nodes, a backhaul network and/or theInternet. Exemplary signals received via receiver 416 include, e.g.,SPID records corresponding to UEs which subscribe to services from aMVNO network, said SPID records being sent from a relay device, e.g., aMME in the MNO network.

Memory 410 includes a control routine 420 for controlling basicoperations and functions of the MNO base station 400, an assembly ofcomponents 422, e.g., an assembly of software components 422, e.g.,routines and/or modules for implementing steps of an exemplary method,and data/information 424. In some embodiments, MNO base station 400implements steps of the method of flowchart 200 of FIG. 2 .

Data information 424 includes received SPID records 426 corresponding toUEs subscribing to a first MVNO network, a list 428 of IMSIscorresponding to UEs subscribing to a first MVNO network, a receivedconnection request 430 from a UE, a generated instruction 432 for a UE(identified as corresponding to a MVNO) to monitor for signals from basestations and report results, received reported network and/or basestation ID and/or RF signal information 434 from a UE in response to asent instruction to monitor, a connection determination 436 for the UE,a generated connection request response signal 438, e.g. indicatingconnection allowed or connection denied, received UL traffic signalsfrom a UE 440, generated downlink traffic signals from a UE 442, andgenerated downlink traffic signals 440 intended for a UE, and generateddownlink broadcast signals 444, e.g., base station ID (BSID) signalsand/or reference signals used for measurements.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of an exemplary MVNO base station 500, e.g., aCitizens Broadband radio Service Device (CBSD), in accordance with anexemplary embodiment. In various embodiments, MVNO base station 500 is aCBRS base station, e.g., a CBSD, using shared spectrum. In someembodiments, MVNO base station 500 is a small cell base station usingunlicensed spectrum. MVNO base station 500 of FIG. 4 is, e.g., any ofthe MVNO base stations (MVNO base station 1 116, MVNO base station 2118, ..., MVNO base station M 120) of MVNO network 104 of system 100 ofFIG. 1 .

Exemplary MVNO base station 500 includes a processor 502, e.g., a CPU, awireless interface 504, a network interface 506, an assembly of hardwarecomponents 508, e.g., assembly of circuits, and memory 510, coupledtogether via a bus 511 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information.

Wireless interface 504 includes a wireless receiver 512 coupled to oneor more receive antennas or antenna elements (526, 528) via which theMVNO base station 500 may receive uplink signals from UE devices.Exemplary received uplink signals from UE devices include, e.g.,connection establishment signals, control information reports, anduplink traffic data signals. Wireless interface 504 further includes awireless transmitter 518 coupled to one or more transmit antennas orantenna elements (530, 532) via which the MVNO base station 500 maytransmit downlink signals to UEs. Exemplary transmitted downlink signalsinclude, e.g., base station broadcast signals conveying base stationidentification information, downlink reference signals used for powerand/or noise measurements, connection establishment signals, anddownlink traffic signals directed to a UE.

Network interface 506, e.g., a wired or optical interface, includes areceiver 516 and a transmitter 518, e.g., via which the MVNO basestation is coupled to other network nodes, a backhaul network and/or theInternet. Exemplary signals received via receiver 516 include, e.g., asignal communicating a spectrum allocation from an SAS to the MVNO basestation, e.g., received in response to registration. Exemplary signalstransmitted by transmitter 518 include, e.g., a registration requestsignal sent to a SAS.

In some embodiments the MVNO base station 500 includes an additionalwireless interface with a receiver, transmitter, additional antennas,e.g., for coupling the MVNO base station 500 to a fixed locationwireless device which provides a backhaul connection and/or the Internetconnection, e.g., in place of or in addition to wired/optical networkinterface 506.

Memory 510 includes a control routine 520 for controlling basicoperations and functions of the MVNO base station 500, an assembly ofcomponents 522, e.g., an assembly of software components, e.g., routinesand/or modules for implementing steps of an exemplary method, anddata/information 524. In some embodiments, MVNO base station 500implements steps of the method of flowchart 200 of FIG. 2 .

Data/information 524 includes a generated registration request 526,e.g., to be sent to a SAS, a message 528 communicating a spectrumallocation for the MVNO base station, a received connection request 530from a UE, a generated connection establishment message 532 to be sentto a UE, control information signals 534 to be sent to UEs, generated IDand/or reference signals 536, e.g., to be broadcast, generated downlinktraffic signals 538, received control information reports 540 from UEs,and received uplink traffic signals 542 from UEs.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary network device 600, e.g., a MNO HomeSubscriber Server (HSS) device, a MVNO HSS device, a relay device, e.g.a mobility management entity (MME), or a spectrum allocation system(SAS) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Network device 600 is,e.g., any of HSS 110, HSS 122, SAS 124, or relay device 112, e.g., aMME, of system 100 of FIG. 1 .

Network device 600 includes a processor 602, e.g., a CPU, a networkinterface 604, e.g., a wired or optical interface, a input device 606,e.g. keyboard, and output device 608, e.g. display, an assembly ofhardware components 610, e.g. assembly of circuits, and memory 620coupled together via a bus 614 over which the various elements mayinterchange data and information. Network interface 604 includes areceiver 616, via which the network device 600 receives signals and atransmitter 618 via which the network device 600 transmits signals.

Memory 612 includes a control routine 620, an assembly of components622, e.g., assembly of software components, and data/information 624.

In an embodiment in which network node is a MNO HSS device, exemplarysignals received by receiver 616 include signals communicating IMSIinformation of subscriber devices, which subscribe to a MVNO service,and exemplary signals sent by transmitter 618 include generated SPIDrecords for subscriber devices which subscribe to a MVNO service, eachSPID record corresponding to an IMSI of device identified to the MNO HSSdevice by the MVNO HSS device, said generated SPID records to be sent toa relay device, e.g., a MME, for distribution to MNO base stations.

In an embodiment in which network node 600 is a MVNO HSS device,exemplary signals received by receiver 616 include informationidentifying user devices which subscribe to the MVNO network, e.g. newsubscriber information including an IMSI and exemplary signals sent bytransmitter 618 include signals communicating IMSI information ofsubscriber devices, which subscribe to MVNO service, said informationbeing sent to a MNO network HSS, to be used to generate SPID records.

In an embodiment in which network node 600 is a SAS, exemplary signalsreceived by receiver 616 include signals communicating a registrationrequest from a MVNO base station and exemplary signals sent bytransmitter 618 include a message communicating a spectrum allocation toa MVNO base station.

In an embodiment in which network node 600 is a relay device, e.g., aMME, exemplary signals received by receiver 616 include signalscommunicating SPID records for subscriber devices which subscribe to afirst MVNO network, e.g. sent from a MNO or MVNO HSS to the relaydevice, and exemplary signals sent by transmitter 618 include SPIDrecord signals (corresponding to user devices subscribing to a MVNOnetwork) to be sent, e.g., distributed, to MNO base stations.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of an exemplary user equipment (UE) 700 device inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. Exemplary UE 700 is, e.g. anyof the UEs (UE 1 126, UE 2 128, UE 3 130, UE 4 132, UE 5 134, UE 6 136,UE 7 138, ..., UE N 140) of system 100 of FIG. 1 . Exemplary UE 700includes a processor 702, e.g., a CPU, wireless interface(s) 704, anetwork interface 706, an I/O interface 708, an assembly of hardwarecomponents 710, e.g., assembly of circuits, and memory 712, coupledtogether via a bus 714 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information.

Wireless interface(s) 704 includes one or more wireless interfacesincluding a first wireless interface 716, e.g., a MNO network cellularwireless interface, and optionally, a second wireless interface 718,e.g. a MVNO network wireless interface, e.g., a CBRS wireless interfacefor communicating with a CBSD base station. In some embodiments, thefirst wireless interface 716 supports communications with both an MNOnetwork, e.g., a cellular network using licensed spectrum, and a MVNOnetwork, e.g. a CBRS network, e.g., with the first wireless interface716 being time shared between both networks and/or the first wirelessinterface supporting concurrent communications on two differentfrequency bands, the first frequency band corresponding to the MNOnetwork and the second frequency band corresponding to the MVNO network.

First wireless interface 716, e.g. a MNO network cellular wirelessinterface, includes a wireless receiver 720 coupled to one or moreantennas or antenna elements (724, ..., 726) via which the UE 700 canreceive wireless signals, e.g. from a MNO base station. First wirelessinterface 716, e.g. a MNO network cellular wireless interface, furtherincludes a wireless transmitter 722 coupled to one or more antennas orantenna elements (728, ..., 720) via which the UE 700 can transmitwireless signals, e.g. to a MNO network base station.

Second wireless interface 718, e.g. a MVNO network wireless interface,e.g., a CBRS interface, includes a wireless receiver 732 coupled to oneor more antennas or antenna elements (736, ..., 738) via which the UE700 can receive wireless signals, e.g. from a MVNO base station, e.g., aCBSD. Second wireless interface 718 further includes a wirelesstransmitter 734 coupled to one or more antennas or antenna elements(740, ..., 742) via which the UE 700 can transmit wireless signals, e.g.to a MVNO base station, e.g. a CBSD.

Network interface 706, e.g. a wired or optical interface, includes areceiver 1278 and a transmitter 1280 via which the UE 700 can receiveand send signals when the UE is coupled to network devices via a wiredor optical link, e.g. at a fixed location.

UE device further includes a plurality of user input output devices(speaker 744m microphone 746, switches 748, mouse 754, keypad 752,display 750, e.g. a touch screen display, and camera 756, which arecoupled to I/O interface 708, which couples the various I/O devices tobus 714 and to other elements within UE 700.

Memory 712 includes a control routine 758, an assembly of components760, e.g. assembly of software components 760, and data/information 762.Data/information 762 includes a generated connection request to be sentto a MNO base station, a received instruction to monitor for signalsfrom base stations (MVNO and MNO base stations) and to report back, agenerated message to be sent to a MNO base station communicatingdetected base station ID information and/or measured RF information,e.g. RSSI and/or SNR corresponding to detected base stations, a receivedresponse to the connection request, e.g. connection to MNO base stationaccepted or denied.

FIG. 7 , comprising the combination of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, is a drawingof an assembly of components 800, comprising the combination of Part A801 and Part B 803, which may be included in an exemplary MNO basestation, e.g., an eNB, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.Assembly of components 800 is, e.g., included in any of the MNO basestations (106, .., 108) of Figure, MNO base station 400 of FIG. 3 ,and/or an MNO base station implementing steps of the method of flowchart200 of FIG. 2 .

The components in the assembly of components 800 can, and in someembodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor, e.g.,processor 402, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 800 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 408, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 402 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 408, external to andcoupled to the processor 402. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory410 of the MNO base station 400, with the components controllingoperation of control server 1400 to implement the functionscorresponding to the components when the components are executed by aprocessor e.g., processor 402. In some such embodiments, the assembly ofcomponents 800 is included in the memory 410 as part of assembly ofsoftware components 422. In still other embodiments, various componentsin assembly of components 800 are implemented as a combination ofhardware and software, e.g., with another circuit external to theprocessor providing input to the processor which then under softwarecontrol operates to perform a portion of a component’s function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor, e.g., processor 402, configure the processor toimplement the function corresponding to the component. In embodimentswhere the assembly of components 800 is stored in the memory 410, thememory 410 is a computer program product comprising a computer readablemedium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each component, forcausing at least one computer, e.g., processor 402, to implement thefunctions to which the components correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 7 control and/or configure the MNO base station 400or elements therein such as the processor 402, to perform the functionsof corresponding steps illustrated and/or described in the method of oneor more of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/or described withrespect to any of the Figures. Thus, the assembly of components 800includes various components that perform functions of corresponding oneor more described and/or illustrated steps of an exemplary method, e.g.,steps of the method of flowchart 200 of FIG. 2 and/or steps of themethod of flowchart 900 of FIG. 9 .

Assembly of components 800 includes a component 824 configured tooperate the MNO base station to receive SPID records corresponding toUEs, which receive services from a MVNO, e.g., a first MVNO, which is apartner with the MNO, a component 826 configured to operate the MNO basestation to store in the MNO base station SPID records for UE devicewhich receive services from the MVNO, a first SPID record being one ofsaid SPID records, and a component 830 configured to operate the MNObase station to received a connection signal from a UE. The UE is, e.g.,one of the UEs (126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, ... 140) of system100 of FIG. 1 , which may be a UE implemented in accordance with UE 700of FIG. 6 .

Assembly of components 800 further includes a component 832 configuredto monitor for and receive a connection signal from a UE. Component 832includes a component 834 configured to compare the IMSI of the UE to theIMSIs of devices subscribing to service from the MVNO and determine ifthere is a match, a component 836 configured to determine that the UEcorresponds to the MVNO network in response to a determination that theIMSI of the UE matches one of the IMSIs of devices subscribing toservice from the MVNO, and a component 840 configured to determine thatthe UE does not correspond to the MVNO network in response to adetermination that the IMSI of the UE does not match one of the IMSIs ofdevices subscribing to service from the MVNO.

Assembly of components 800 further includes a component 846 configuredto provide communication service to the UE via the MNO base station withrequesting the UE to monitor to detects signals in response to adetermination the UE does not correspond to the MVNO network, acomponent 850 configured to operate the MNO base station to instruct theUE, which receives services from the MVNO network, to monitor to detectsignals transmitted by base stations, in response to a determinationthat the UE corresponds to the MVNO network, and a component 852configured to operate the MNO base station to receive identity and/or RFsignal information from the UE, e.g., obtained from the monitoring andsent by the UE to the MNO base station. Component 852 includes acomponent 854 configured to operate the MNO base station to receive oneor more of: i) a network identifier, e.g., a public land mobile networkidentifier (PLMN ID), or ii) base station identifier information in oneor more signals received from the UE.

Assembly of components 800 further includes a component 856 configuredto determine from RF signal information received from the UE whether asignal from a base station in the MVNO network was detected by the UE.In some embodiments, e.g. some embodiments in which the MVNO network isa CBRS network, component 856 includes a component 856 configured todetermine if the UE detected a signal from a CBRS network device, e.g. aCBSD, corresponding to the MVNO, a component 862 configured to determinea signal from a base station in the MVNO network was detected, inresponse to a determination that the UE detected a signal from a CBRSnetwork device, e.g. a CBSD, corresponding to the MVNO, and a component864 configured to determine that a signal from a base station in theMVNO network was not detected, in response to a determination that theUE did not detect a signal from a CBRS network device, e.g. a CBSD,corresponding to the MVNO,

Assembly of components 800 further includes a component 868 configuredto apply at the MNO base station one or more rules included in a SPIDrecord corresponding to the UE, said applying of the one or more rulescausing the MNO base station to disconnect or deny service to the UE,said applying the one or more rules being in response to a determinationthat a signal from a base station in the MVNO network was detected bythe UE, and a component 870 configured to operate the MNO base stationto provide communications service to the UE via the MNO base station, inresponse to a determination that a signal from a base station in theMVNO network was not detected by the UE.

Various aspects and/or features in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present invention are further discussed below.

Subscriber profile identification (SPID) is used to apply differentsettings to each subscriber group to handle transitions. SPID is storedin Home Subscriber Server (HSS), and the HSS sends SPID(s) to MME, andthe MME shares SPID(s) with each of the eNBs in a certain region.

When a UE connects to an eNB, the eNB checks to see if for the UE thereis any SPID profile stored in the eNB, which can be applied to that UEor UEs. Each SPID profile has UE specific identifies such as IMSI orIMEI. When a UE connects to an eNB, the eNB checks the UE’s IMSI or IMEIto check if there is any matching SPID to the UE. The MVNO would like tokeep each of the UEs in the MVNO’s CBRS network as long as possible sothat the MVNO does not pay the MNO for data offload of the MVNOssubscribers. Therefore, in accordance with a feature of some embodiment,the MNO eNBs are configured with SPIDs so the eNBs reject, e.g.conditionally rejects, connection requests from the MVNO’s UEs so theMVNOs UEs can stay in the MVNOs network, e.g., as much as possible. Forthis approach to work there needs to be overlapping coverage of the MNOeNB and the MVNO CBSD. In accordance with a feature of some embodiments,when the MVNO UE is located where there is no MVNO network coverage forthe MVNO UE but there is MNO network coverage, the MVNO UE the MNOnetwork, e.g. a MNO eNB will be used, for communications. However, ifthe MVNO UE is located where there is both MVNO coverage and MNOcoverage, the MVNO network, e.g. a MVNO CBSD, will be used forcommunications. Various features of the present invention facilitatethat a MVNO UE will use the MVNO network as much as possible.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an exemplary method in accordance with variousexemplary embodiments. Operation starts in step 902, in which acommunications system, e.g., system 100 of FIG. 1 , including a mobilenetwork operator (MNO) network and a mobile virtual operator (MVNO)network, wherein the MVNO and MNO are partners, is powered on andinitialized. Operation proceeds from start step 902 to step 904. In step904 CBSD(s) in the MVNO network turn-on and register with a SAS, and theSAS assigns (allocates) spectrum to the CBSD(s). Operation proceeds fromstep 904 to step 906.

In step 906 a MVNO HSS is operated to share MVNO IMSIs (mobile IDscorresponding to mobile UEs receiving service from the MVNO) with a MNOHSS. In step 906 the MVNO HSS sends a list of IMSIs, identifying UEsreceiving service from the MVNO, to the MNO HSS, which receives andstores the list. Thus in step 906 the MVNO shares IMSI values of itssubscribers with the MNO. Operation proceeds from step 906 to step 908.

In step 908 the MNO HSS creates SPIDs corresponding to the receivedIMSIs, e.g. an SPID for each IMSI. In some embodiments, in step 908 theMNO HSS creates corresponding SPID records. Operation proceeds from step908 to step 910.

In step 910 the MNO HSS sends each of the created SPIDs to relaynode(s), e.g. MME(s). Operation proceeds from step 910 to step 912. Instep 912, the relay node(s), e.g., MME(s) send the created SPIDs to basestations in the MNO, e.g., eNBs in the MNO, the base stations in the MNOnetwork, and the base stations in the MNO receive the SPIDs. In someembodiments, in step 912 the SPIDs are sent to each of the MNO networkeNBs in the US. Operation proceeds from step 912 to step 914. In step914 the base stations in the MNO, which received the SPIDs for UEdevices corresponding to the MVNO, store the received SPIDs, for futureuse. Operation proceeds from step 914 to step 916.

In step 916 a UE, e.g. a first UE, sends a connection signal to a MNObase station, e.g. a first MNO base station. Operation proceeds fromstep 916 to step 918. In step 918 the MNO base station, e.g., first MNObase station, receives the connection signal, said connection signalincluding an IMSI corresponding to the UE which sent the connectionsignal. Operation proceeds from step 918 to step 920. In step 920 thebase station in the MNO (first MNO base station) determines if the UE isa MVNO UE, e.g., the base station compares the received IMSI from thereceived connection signal to a list of IMSIs for MVNO UEs anddetermines if there is a match. If the MNO base station determines thatthe UE, which sent the connection signal is not a UE receiving servicefrom the MVNO, then operation proceeds from strep 920 to step 924, inwhich the MNO base station is operated to provide communications serviceto the UE without requesting the UE to monitor to detect signals, e.g.to be used to determine is a MVNO CBSD is within range of the UE.Alternatively, if the MNO base station determines that the UE which sentthe connection signal is a UE, receiving service from the MVNO, thenoperation proceeds from step 920 to step 922. In step 922 the MNO basestation instructs the MVNO UE to monitor to conduct RF measurements. Insome embodiment, the instruction tells the UE to measure for any CBRSnetworks at the location and report back the findings. The instruction,in some embodiments, commands the UE to monitor (e.g., scan) to detectfor signals from base stations including CBSD base stations of aparticular MVNO, e.g., a particular MVNO service provider’s 3.5 GHz CBRSnetwork, to recover network and/or base station identificationinformation, to perform RF measurements on received signals, and toreport results of the monitoring back to the MNO base station. Operationproceeds from step 922 to step 926. In step 926 the MVNO UE is operatedto monitor for signals, recover network and/or base station IDinformation (which may, and sometimes does, include informationidentifying networks and/or CBSDs in the MVNO of interest) from thedetected signals, perform RF measurement on the detected signals,generate a report based on detected signals and signal measurements ofthe detected signals, and send the generated report to the MNO basestation. In some embodiments, when the UE scan finds that the MVNOnetwork of interest, the UE reports: ‘ there is CBRS network available’.In some embodiments, when the UE scan does not detect the MVNO networkof interest, the UE reports: ‘ there is no CBRS network available’. Insome embodiments the report, may and sometimes does, includes: networkidentification information, e.g. PLMN ID(s), and/or base stationidentification information, e.g., CBSD IDs. Operation proceeds from step926 to step 928.

In step 928 the MNO base station receives the report from the UE andrecovers the communicated information. Operation proceeds from step 928to step 930. In step 930 the MNO base station determines, based on thereceived report, if there is a network device, e.g. a CBSD in the CBRSnetwork of interest, available to the UE to provide connectivity forcommunications. If the determination is that there is not a MVNO networkdevice, e.g. CBSD, available, then operation proceeds from step 930 tostep 936, in which the MNO base station is operated to providecommunication service to the UE via the MNO base station. However, ifthe determination is that there is a MVNO network device, e.g. CBSD,available, then operation proceeds from step 930 to step 932. In step932 the MNO base station is operated to apply the stored SPIDcorresponding to the UE. Step 932 may, and sometimes does include step934 in which the MNO base station is operated to apply one or more rules(included in the SPID or SPID record) causing the MNO base station todisconnect or deny service to the UE. Thus the UE is forced to used theMVNO network, e.g. obtaining access via a CBSD of the MVNO, to providecommunications service rather than the using the MNO network to providecommunications service. Operation proceeds from step 934 to step 938 inwhich the UE detects that it is being denied service or disconnectedfrom the MNO. Operation proceeds from step 938 to 940. In step 940 theUE is operated to connect to the MVNO via a MVNO CBSD and to use theMVNO for communication service.

FIG. 9 is a drawing 1000 illustrating the communication of MVNO UE IMSIsfrom the MVNO network to the MNO network, the generation of SPIDscorresponding to the IMSIs, and the distribution of the SPIDs to the MNObase stations in the exemplary communications system 100 of FIG. 1 inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In step 1002 HSS 122 of MVNO 104 generates and sends message(s) 1003communicating MVNO IMSI subscriber information 1004, e.g., the IMSIs forUE 1 126, UE 2 128, UE 3 130, UE 4 132, and UE N 140, to HSS 120 of MNO102. In step 1006 HSS 110 receives message(s) 1003 and recovered thecommunicated MVNO IMSI subscriber information 1004. In step 1008 the MNOHSS 110 generates SPIDs, e.g., one SPID for each of the received IMSIs.In step 1010 HSS 110 generates and sends message(s) 1011 communicatingthe generated SPIDs 1012 to relay device 112, e.g., a MME of the MNO. Instep 1014 the relay device 112 generates and sends signals (1015, ...,1017) to the MNO base stations (MNO base station 1 106, ..., MNO basestation N 108), communicating the SPIDs 1012, to each of the MNO basestations in the MNO network 102. In step 1016, MNO base station 1 106receives message(s) 1015, recovers the communicated SPIDs 1012 andstores the recovered SPIDs. In step 1018, MNO base station N 108receives message(s) 1017, recovers the communicated SPIDs 1012 andstores the recovered SPIDs.

FIG. 10 is a drawing 1100 illustrating an exemplary UE (UE 1 126), whichsubscribes to MVNO service, trying to connect to a MNO base station inthe exemplary system 100 of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The attempt to connect to the MNO base station may, andsometimes does, occur after connection to an MVNO base station degradesor is lost due to motion of the UE, interference such as a movingvehicle blocking reception or some other potentially transientinterference with signals to and/or from an MVNO base station. In such acase, even if the MVNO base station can be detected the interference orchannel conditions might not be sufficent to allow for a connection withthe MVNO base station to be maintained or estabilished triggering anattempt to connect to a base station which can result in the MNO basestation 106 being contacted in an attempt to establish a connection thatcan be used to maintin a communicatoins session, e.g., call or datatransfer session to another device via a base station. The loss of theability to maintain a connection with the MVNO base station may andoften is short lived, e.g., on the order of a few to 30 seconds. In suchcases, changing conditions such as movement of the UE 126 or anobstruction may make it possible for the UE to establish a sustainableconnection an MVNO base station in a relatively short amount of time.This is particularly the case where the UE can detect the presence ofone or more MVNO base stations, indicating that they are nearby, even ifthe signal strength is not sufficient at the time of detecting theirsignals to establish a connection. If a connection with an MNO basestation is established under such conditions, the UE is likely to remainattached to the MNO base station with its relatively large coverage areafor an extended period of time rather than terminate the connection withthe MNO base station and reconnect to the MVNO base station. The methodsdescribed herein control MNO base station behavior to prevent suchconnections and encourage connection to an MVNO base station by the MNObase station denying or terminating a connection to a UE when the UE candetect a signal from an MVNO base station corresponding to a serviceprovider associated with the UE. In response to denial or termination ofa connection to the MNO base station, the UE will search for basestations which are available and, because MVNO base stations are given ahigher connection preference by the UE attached to an MVNO base stationif a satisfactory connetion can be established before retrying toconnect to the MNO base station. In cases where the UE does not detectany MVNO base stations a connection to the MNO base station will beestablished. Thus, in accordance with various features, an MNOconnection will be established when a UE moves out of signal detectionrange of a MVNO base station but while in signal detection range of anMVNO base station from which it would normally receice service will bedenied the MNO connection with the expectation that a connection withthe MVNO base station will be possilbe due to changes in channelconditions or UE movement within a short amount of time.

Refering once again to FIG. 10 , MNO base station 106 includes in itsmemory a stored SPID 1101 for UE 1, which subscribes to the MVNOnetwork. In step 1102 UE 1 126 generates and sends connection signal1104 to MNO base station 1 106. In step 1106, MNO base station 106receives connection signal 1104 (including the IMSI corresponding to UE1) from UE 1 126 and recovers the communicated information. In step 1108MNO base station 106 determines that the received connection signal 1104is from a UE in the MVNO, e.g., based on a match of the IMSI in thereceived signal to a stored list of IMSIs of UEs in MVNO. In step 1110the MNO base station 106 instructs UE 1 126 to conduct RF measurementsto detect MVNO base stations, e.g., sends UE 1 a message 1112instructing UE 1 126 to scan for signals from CBSD base stations in itsMVNO and report back the results. In step 1114, UE 1 126 receives theinstruction message to monitor for RF signals from base stations, and instep 1116 UE 1 126 performs the scan. In this example the scan detectsthe presence of MVNO base station 1 116, e.g. by detecting broadcastsignal 1150 from MVNO base station 1 116. In this example, UE 1 126failed to detect broadcast signals (1151, 1152) from MVNO base stations(118, 120). In step 1118 UE 1 126 generates and sends a results report1120 to MNO base station 1 106, said report indicating that a signal wasdetected from the MVNO network 104 or that a signal was detected fromCBSD 1116 of MVNO network 104. In some embodiments the report 1120includes a PLMN ID of MVNO 104 or a base station ID of CBSD 1 116. Instep 1122 MNO base station 1 106 receives the report 1120 from UE 1 126and recovers the communicated information, indicating that a signal wasreceived from at least one base station in the MVNO network 104. In step1124 MNO base station 106 accesses stored SPID 1102 for UE 1. In step1126 the MNO base station 106 applies rules of the SPID 1101 anddisconnects or denies service to UE 1 1126. In step 1128 UE 1 126determines that it has been disconnected or is being denied service fromMNO base station 1 106.

FIG. 11 is a continuation of the example of FIG. 10 . FIG. 11 is adrawing 1200 illustrating exemplary UE 1 126 trying to connect to a basestation following being rejected by MNO base station 106. In step 1202UE 1 126 has changed its position slightly as indicated by arrow 1204.In step 1206 the received signal strength of signals from CBSD 1 116, asmeasured at the current location of UE 1 126, increases, making itfeasible for UE 1 126 to use MVNO base station 1 116 as a point ofaccess (attachment point) for supporting communications includescommunicating traffic signals. In step 1208 UE 1 126 is able to connectwith and uses MVNO base station 1 116 for its point of networkattachment, as indicated by bi-directional arrow 1210 between MVNO basestation 1116 and UE 1 126.

Numbered List of Exemplary Method Embodiments

Method Embodiment 1 A communications method, the method comprising:operating (250) a first Mobile Network Operator (MNO) base station(e.g., a first eNB) to instruct (e.g., after determining the that firstUE is a first MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) service providerUE), a first user equipment UE which receives services from a firstMobile Virtual Network operator (MVNO) network to monitor to detectsignals (e.g., perform RF signal detection and monitoring operations todetect a network identifier (PLMNID) and/or base station identifier(BSID) signals) transmitted by base stations (MNO base stations and/orMVNO base stations including possibly CBSD base stations); determining(256), at the first MNO base station, from RF signal informationreceived from the first UE, whether a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was detected by the first UE; when it is determined(262) that the first UE detected a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network, applying (266) at the first MNO base station one ormore rules included in a first Service Profile Identifier (SPID) recordcorresponding to the first UE, said applying of the one or more rulescausing the first MNO base station to disconnect or deny service to(e.g., decline to provide service) the first UE; and when it isdetermined (264) that the first UE did not detect a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network, providing (270) communication serviceto the first UE via the first MNO base station.

Method Embodiment 2 The method of Method Embodiment 1, furthercomprising: storing (226) in the first MNO (mobile network operator)base station (e.g., MNO first eNB) SPID records (Service ProfileIdentifier (SPID) is a number that identifies the services and featuresto be provided to a device and with which a record including serviceinformation and rules is associated) for UE devices which receiveservices from the first MVNO, the first SPID record being one of saidSPID records.

Method Embodiment 3 The method of Method Embodiment 2, furthercomprising: receiving (230) at the first MNO base station, prior toinstructing (250) the first UE, a connection signal from a first UE,said first UE having a first IMSI.

further comprising: checking (232), at the first MNO base station if thefirst UE is a UE Method Embodiment 4 The method of Method Embodiment 3,corresponding the first MVNO network (e.g., compare (234) first IMSI ofthe first UE to IMSIs of devices subscribing to service from the firstMVNO); and wherein said step of operating (250) the first MNO toinstruct (114) a first UE which receives services from a first MVNO tomonitor to detect signals is performed in response to determining (238)that the first UE corresponds to the first MVNO network.

Method Embodiment 5 The method of Method Embodiment 1, furthercomprising: receiving (274), at the first MNO base station, a signalfrom a second UE with a second IMSI; operating (290) the first MNO basestation to provide service to the second UE without requesting thesecond UE to monitor to detect signals, in response to determining (284)that the second IMSI does not correspond to the first MVNO.

Method Embodiment 6 The method of Method Embodiment 3, furthercomprising: operating (252) the first MNO base station to receive RFsignal information from the first UE, wherein receiving (252) RF signalinformation from the first UE includes receiving (254) one or more of:i) a network identifier (e.g., a PLMNID) or ii) base station identifierinformation in one or more signals received from the first UE(optionally received signal strength information (e.g., RSSI) may alsobe received with the identification information).

Method Embodiment 7 The method of Method Embodiment 3, whereindetermining (256), from RF signal information received from the firstUE, whether a signal from a base station in the first MVNO network wasdetected by the first UE includes: determining (258) if the first UEdetected a signal from a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) networkdevice corresponding to the first MVNO; and determining (262) a signalfrom a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by the firstUE was detected when a signal from a CBRS network device correspondingto the first MVNO is indicated to have been received by the first UE:and determining (264) that a signal from a base station in the firstMVNO network was not detected by the first UE when a signal from a CBRSnetwork device corresponding to the first MVNO is not indicated in thereceived signal information to have been received by the first UE.

Method Embodiment 8 The method of Method Embodiment 3, furthercomprising: operating (210) a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) device in thefirst MVNO network to provide IMSI information indicating IMSIs ofsubscriber devices which subscribe to first MVNO service to a second HSSdevice in the MNO, said first MVNO network being a partner to the MNOnetwork.

Method Embodiment 9 The method of Method Embodiment 8, furthercomprising: operating (212) the second HSS device to generate SPIDrecords for subscriber devices which subscribe to first MVNO service,each SPID record corresponding to an IMSI of a device identified to thesecond HSS device by the first HSS device; and operating (214) thesecond HSS to send the generated SPID records to a relay device (e.g. aMME (Mobility Management Entity)) in the MNO network for distribution tobase stations in the MNO network.

Method Embodiment 10 The method of Method Embodiment 9, wherein saidfirst SPID records is one of the SPID records generated by the secondHSS.

Numbered List of Exemplary System Embodiments

System Embodiment 1 A communications system (100) comprising: a firstMobile Network Operator (MNO) base station (106 or 400) including: afirst processor (402) configured to: operating (250) the first MNO basestation (e.g., a first eNB) to instruct (e.g., after determining thethat first UE is a first MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) serviceprovider UE), a first user equipment UE which receives services from afirst Mobile Virtual Network operator (MVNO) network to monitor todetect signals (e.g., perform RF signal detection and monitoringoperations to detect a network identifier (PLMNID) and/or BSID signals)transmitted by base stations (MNO base stations and/or MVNO basestations including possibly CBSD base stations); determine (256), at thefirst MNO base station, from RF signal information received from thefirst UE, whether a signal from a base station in the first MVNO networkwas detected by the first UE; when it is determined (262) that the firstUE detected a signal from a base station in the first MVNO network,applying (266) at the first MNO base station one or more rules includedin a first Service Profile Identifier (SPID) record corresponding to thefirst UE, said applying of the one or more rules causing the first MNObase station to disconnect or deny service to (e.g., decline to provideservice) the first UE; and when it is determined (264) that the first UEdid not detect a signal from a base station in the first MVNO network,providing (270) communication service to the first UE via the first MNObase station.

System Embodiment 2 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment1, wherein said first processor (402) is further configured to: operatethe first MNO base station to store (226) in the first MNO (mobilenetwork operator) base station (e.g., MNO first eNB) SPID records(Service Profile Identifier (SPID) is a number that identifies theservices and features to be provided to a device and with which a recordincluding service information and rules is associated) for UE deviceswhich receive services from the first MVNO, the first SPID record beingone of said SPID records.

System Embodiment 3 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment2, wherein said first MNO base station further includes: a firstwireless receiver (412); and wherein said first processor (402) isfurther configured to: operate the first MNO base station to receive(230) at the first MNO base station, prior to instructing (250) thefirst UE, a connection signal from a first UE, said first UE having afirst IMSI.

System Embodiment 4 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment3, wherein said first processor (402) is further configured to: check(232), at the first MNO base station if the first UE is a UEcorresponding the first MVNO network (e.g., compare (234) first IMSI ofthe first UE to IMSIs of devices subscribing to service from the firstMVNO); and wherein said step of operating (250) the first MNO toinstruct (114) a first UE which receives services from a first MVNO tomonitor to detect signals is performed in response to determining (238)that the first UE corresponds to the first MVNO network.

System Embodiment 5 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment1, wherein said first processor (402) is further configured to: operatethe first wireless receiver to receive (274), at the first MNO basestation, a signal from a second UE with a second IMSI; operating (290)the first MNO base station to provide service to the second UE withoutrequesting the second UE to monitor to detect signals, in response todetermining (284) that the second IMSI does not correspond to the firstMVNO.

System Embodiment 6 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment3, wherein said first processor (402) is further configured to: operate(252) the first wireless receiver (412) of the first MNO base station toreceive RF signal information from the first UE, wherein receiving (252)RF signal information from the first UE includes receiving (254) one ormore of: i) a network identifier (e.g., a PLMNID) or ii) base stationidentifier information in one or more signals received from the first UE(optionally received signal strength information (e.g., RSSI) may alsobe received with the identification information).

System Embodiment 7 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment3, wherein said first processor (402) is configured to: determine (258)if the first UE detected a signal from a Citizens Broadband RadioService (CBRS) network device corresponding to the first MVNO; determine(262) a signal from a base station in the first MVNO network wasdetected by the first UE was detected when a signal from a CBRS networkdevice corresponding to the first MVNO is indicated to have beenreceived by the first UE; and determine (264) that a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was not detected by the first UE whena signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the first MVNO isnot indicated in the received signal information to have been receivedby the first UE, as part of being configured to determine (256), from RFsignal information received from the first UE, whether a signal from abase station in the first MVNO network was detected by the first UE.

System Embodiment 8 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment3, further comprising a first Home Subscriber Server (HSS) device (122)in the first MVNO network (104), said first HSS device (122) including:a second processor (602 of HSS 122) configured to operate the first HSSdevice (122) to provide IMSI information indicating IMSIs of subscriberdevices which subscribe to first MVNO service to a second HSS device(110) in the MNO (102), said first MVNO network (104) being a partner tothe MNO network (102).

System Embodiment 9 The communications system (100) of System Embodiment8, further comprising said second HSS device (110), said second HSSdevice (110) including a third processor (602 of 110) configured to:operate (212) the second HSS device (110) to generate SPID records forsubscriber devices which subscribe to first MVNO service, each SPIDrecord corresponding to an IMSI of a device identified to the second HSSdevice (110) by the first HSS device (122); and operate (214) the secondHSS (110) to send the generated SPID records to a relay device (112)(e.g. a MME (Mobility Management Entity)) in the MNO network (102) fordistribution to base stations (106, 108) in the MNO network (102).

System Embodiment 10 The communications system (100) of SystemEmbodiment 9, wherein said first SPID records is one of the SPID recordsgenerated by the second HSS (110).

Numbered List of Exemplary Non-Transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiments

Non-Transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 1 A non-transitorycomputer readable medium (410) including computer executableinstructions which when executed by a processor (402) of a first MobileNode Operator (MNO) base station (e.g., first eNB) (106 or 400) causethe first MNO base station (106 or 400) to perform the steps of:operating (250) the first MNO base station (106 or 400) to instruct(250) (e.g., after determining the that first UE (UE 1 126, UE 2 128, orUE 3 130) is a first MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) serviceprovider UE), a first user equipment UE (UE 1 126, UE 2 128, or UE 3130) which receives services from a first Mobile Virtual Networkoperator (MVNO) network (104) to monitor to detect signals (e.g.,perform RF signal detection and monitoring operations to detect anetwork identifier (PLMNID) and/or BSID signals) transmitted by basestations (MNO base stations and/or MVNO base stations including possiblyCBSD base stations); determining (256), at the first MNO base station(106 or 400), from RF signal information received from the first UE (UE1 126, UE 2 128, or UE 3 130), whether a signal from a base station(MVNO BS 1 116, MVNO BS 2 118, or MVNO BS M 120) in the first MVNOnetwork (104) was detected by the first UE (UE 1 126, UE 2 128, or UE 3130); when it is determined (262) that the first UE (UE 1 126 or UE 3130) detected a signal from a base station (116 or 118) in the firstMVNO network (104), applying (266) at the first MNO base station (106)one or more rules included in a first Service Profile Identifier (SPID)record corresponding to the first UE (126 or 130), said applying of theone or more rules causing the first MNO base station (106) to disconnector deny service to (e.g., decline to provide service) the first UE (126or 130); and when it is determined (264) that the first UE (UE 2 128)did not detect a signal from a base station (116, 118, 120) in the firstMVNO network, providing (270) communication service to the first UE(128) via the first MNO base station (106).

Various embodiments are directed to apparatus, e.g., user devices suchas a user equipment (UE) device, MNO base stations (macro cell basestations and small cell base stations) such as a eNB, gNB or ng-eNB,MVNO base stations such as CBSDs, network nodes, MNO and MVNO HSSdevices, relay devices, e.g. MMEs, a SAS, an AMF device, servers,customer premises equipment devices, cable systems, network nodes,gateways, cable headend/hubsites, network monitoring node/servers,cluster controllers, cloud nodes, production nodes, cloud servicesservers and/or network equipment devices. Various embodiments are alsodirected to methods, e.g., method of controlling and/or operating userdevices, base stations, e.g., eNB and CBSDs, gateways, servers (HSSserver), MMEs, SAS, cable networks, cloud networks, nodes, servers,cloud service servers, customer premises equipment devices, controllers,network monitoring nodes/servers and/or cable or network equipmentdevices. Various embodiments are directed to communications networkwhich are partners, e.g. a MVNO network and a MNO network. Variousembodiments are also directed to machine, e.g., computer, readablemedium, e.g., ROM, RAM, CDs, hard discs, etc., which include machinereadable instructions for controlling a machine to implement one or moresteps of a method. The computer readable medium is, e.g., non-transitorycomputer readable medium.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in theprocesses and methods disclosed is an example of exemplary approaches.Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific orderor hierarchy of steps in the processes and methods may be rearrangedwhile remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in asample order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented. In some embodiments, one or more processors areused to carry out one or more steps of the each of the describedmethods.

In various embodiments each of the steps or elements of a method areimplemented using one or more processors. In some embodiments, each ofelements are steps are implemented using hardware circuitry.

In various embodiments nodes and/or elements described herein areimplemented using one or more components to perform the stepscorresponding to one or more methods, for example, message reception,message generation, signal generation, signal processing, sending,comparing, determining and/or transmission steps. Thus, in someembodiments various features are implemented using components or in someembodiments logic such as for example logic circuits. Such componentsmay be implemented using software, hardware or a combination of softwareand hardware. Many of the above described methods or method steps can beimplemented using machine executable instructions, such as software,included in a machine readable medium such as a memory device, e.g.,RAM, floppy disk, etc. to control a machine, e.g., general purposecomputer with or without additional hardware, to implement all orportions of the above described methods, e.g., in one or more nodes.Accordingly, among other things, various embodiments are directed to amachine-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer readablemedium, including machine executable instructions for causing a machine,e.g., processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of thesteps of the above-described method(s). Some embodiments are directed toa device, e.g., a MVNO base station such as a CBRS base station, e.g. aCBSD, an device such as a cellular base station e.g., an eNB, a MNO HSSserver, a MVNO HSS server, a UE device, a relay device, e.g a MME, SAS,etc., said device including a processor configured to implement one,multiple or all of the steps of one or more methods of the invention.

In some embodiments, the processor or processors, e.g., CPUs, of one ormore devices, e.g., communications nodes such as e.g., a MVNO basestation such as a CBRS base station, e.g. a CBSD, an device such as acellular base station e.g., an eNB, a MNO HSS server, a MVNO HSS deviceserver, a UE device, a relay device, e.g a MME, a SAS, are configured toperform the steps of the methods described as being performed by thecommunications nodes, e.g., controllers. The configuration of theprocessor may be achieved by using one or more components, e.g.,software components, to control processor configuration and/or byincluding hardware in the processor, e.g., hardware components, toperform the recited steps and/or control processor configuration.Accordingly, some but not all embodiments are directed to a device,e.g., communications node such as as e.g., a MVNO base station such as aCBRS base station, e.g. a CBSD, an device such as a cellular basestation e.g., an eNB, a MNO HSS server, a MVNO HSS device server, a UEdevice, a relay device, e.g a MME, includes a component corresponding toeach of one or more of the steps of the various described methodsperformed by the device in which the processor is included. In some butnot all embodiments a device, e.g., as e.g., a MVNO base station such asa CBRS base station, e.g. a CBSD, an device such as a cellular basestation e.g., an eNB, a MNO HSS server, a MVNO HSS device server, a UEdevice, a relay device, e.g a MME, includes a controller correspondingto each of the steps of the various described methods performed by thedevice in which the processor is included. The components may beimplemented using software and/or hardware.

Some embodiments are directed to a computer program product comprising acomputer-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readablemedium, comprising code for causing a computer, or multiple computers,to implement various functions, steps, acts and/or operations, e.g. oneor more steps described above.

Depending on the embodiment, the computer program product can, andsometimes does, include different code for each step to be performed.Thus, the computer program product may, and sometimes does, include codefor each individual step of a method, e.g., a method of controlling acontroller or node. The code may be in the form of machine, e.g.,computer, executable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium,e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a RAM (RandomAccess Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of storage device.In addition to being directed to a computer program product, someembodiments are directed to a processor configured to implement one ormore of the various functions, steps, acts and/or operations of one ormore methods described above. Accordingly, some embodiments are directedto a processor, e.g., CPU, configured to implement some or all of thesteps of the methods described herein. The processor may be for use in,e.g., a communications device such as a MNVO base station, e.g. a CBSD,a MNO cellular base station, e.g., an eNB or a gNB, a HSS server, a UEdevice, a SAS or other device described in the present application. Insome embodiments components are implemented as hardware devices in suchembodiments the components are hardware components. In other embodimentscomponents may be implemented as software, e.g., a set of processor orcomputer executable instructions. Depending on the embodiment thecomponents may be all hardware components, all software components, acombination of hardware and/or software or in some embodiments somecomponents are hardware components while other components are softwarecomponents.

Numerous additional variations on the methods and apparatus of thevarious embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled inthe art in view of the above description. Such variations are to beconsidered within the scope. Numerous additional embodiments, within thescope of the present invention, will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the above description and the claims whichfollow. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communications method, the method comprising:determining, at a first Mobile Network Operator (MNO) base station, fromRF signal information received from a first UE which receives servicesfrom a first Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) network, whether asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by afirst UE; when it is determined that the first UE detected a signal froma base station in the first MVNO network, operating the first MNO basestation to disconnect or deny service to the first UE; and when it isdetermined that the first UE did not detect a signal from a base stationin the first MVNO network, operating the first base station to providecommunication service to the first UE via the first MNO base station. 2.The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing in the first MNO basestation SPID records for UE devices which receive services from thefirst MVNO, the first SPID record being one of said SPID records.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, further comprising: receiving at the first MNO basestation, prior to said step of determining whether a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was detected by the first UE, aconnection signal from the first UE, said first UE having a first IMSI.4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: checking, at the first MNObase station if the first UE is a UE corresponding the first MVNOnetwork; and instructing the first UE which receives services from afirst MVNO to monitor to detect signals is performed in response todetermining that the first UE corresponds to the first MVNO network. 5.The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, at the first MNObase station, a signal from a second UE with a second IMSI; operatingthe first MNO base station to provide service to the second UE withoutrequesting the second UE to monitor to detect signals, in response todetermining that the second IMSI does not correspond to the first MVNOnetwork.
 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising: operating thefirst MNO base station to receive RF signal information from the firstUE, wherein receiving RF signal information from the first UE includesreceiving one or more of: i) a network identifier or ii) base stationidentifier information in one or more signals received from the firstUE.
 7. The method of claim 3, wherein determining, from RF signalinformation received from the first UE, whether a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was detected by the first UE includes:determining if the first UE detected a signal from a Citizens BroadbandRadio Service (CBRS) network device corresponding to the first MVNO; anddetermining a signal from a base station in the first MVNO network wasdetected by the first UE was detected when a signal from a CBRS networkdevice corresponding to the first MVNO is indicated to have beenreceived by the first UE: and determining that a signal from a basestation in the first MVNO network was not detected by the first UE whena signal from a CBRS network device corresponding to the first MVNO isnot indicated in the received signal information to have been receivedby the first UE.
 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising: operatinga Home Subscriber Server (HSS) device in the first MVNO network toprovide IMSI information indicating IMSIs of subscriber devices whichsubscribe to first MVNO service to a second HSS device in the MNOnetwork, said first MVNO network being a partner to the first MNOnetwork.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: operating thesecond HSS device to generate SPID records for subscriber devices whichsubscribe to first MVNO service, each SPID record corresponding to anIMSI of a device identified to the second HSS device by the first HSSdevice; and operating the second HSS device to send the generated SPIDrecords to a relay device in the MNO network for distribution to basestations in the first MNO network.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinsaid first MNO base station applied rules corresponding to the first UE,said rules being in a first SPID record, said first SPID record beingone of the SPID records generated by the second HSS device.
 11. Acommunications system (100) comprising: a first Mobile Network Operator(MNO) base station including: a first processor configured to:determinine, at a first Mobile Network Operator (MNO) base station, fromRF signal information received from a first UE which receives servicesfrom a first Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) network, whether asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by afirst UE; when it is determined that the first UE detected a signal froma base station in the first MVNO network, operating the first MNO basestation to disconnect or deny service to the first UE; and when it isdetermined that the first UE did not detect a signal from a base stationin the first MVNO network, operating the first base station to providecommunication service to the first UE via the first MNO base station.12. The communications system of claim 11, wherein said first processoris further configured to: operate the first MNO base station to store inthe first MNO base station SPID records for UE devices which receiveservices from the first MVNO, the first SPID record being one of saidSPID records.
 13. The communications system of claim 12, wherein saidfirst MNO base station further includes: a first wireless receiver; andwherein said first processor is further configured to: operate the firstMNO base station to receive, prior to said step of determining whether asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by thefirst UE, a connection signal from the first UE, said first UE having afirst IMSI.
 14. The communications system of claim 13, wherein saidfirst processor is further configured to: check, at the first MNO basestation if the first UE is a UE corresponding the first MVNO network;and instruct the first UE which receives services from a first MVNO tomonitor to detect signals is performed in response to determining thatthe first UE corresponds to the first MVNO network.
 15. Thecommunications system of claim 11, wherein said first processor isfurther configured to: operate the first wireless receiver to receive,at the first MNO base station, a signal from a second UE with a secondIMSI; operating the first MNO base station to provide service to thesecond UE without requesting the second UE to monitor to detect signals,in response to determining that the second IMSI does not correspond tothe first MVNO network.
 16. The communications system of claim 13,wherein said first processor is further configured to: operate the firstwireless receiver of the first MNO base station to receive RF signalinformation from the first UE, wherein receiving RF signal informationfrom the first UE includes receiving one or more of: i) a networkidentifier or ii) base station identifier information in one or moresignals received from the first UE.
 17. The communications system ofclaim 13, wherein said first processor is configured to: determine ifthe first UE detected a signal from a Citizens Broadband Radio Service(CBRS) network device corresponding to the first MVNO; determine asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by thefirst UE was detected when a signal from a CBRS network devicecorresponding to the first MVNO is indicated to have been received bythe first UE; and determine that a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was not detected by the first UE when a signal from aCBRS network device corresponding to the first MVNO is not indicated inthe received signal information to have been received by the first UE,as part of being configured to determine, from RF signal informationreceived from the first UE, whether a signal from a base station in thefirst MVNO network was detected by the first UE.
 18. The communicationssystem of claim 13, further comprising a first Home Subscriber Server(HSS) device in the first MVNO network, said first HSS device including:a second processor configured to operate the first HSS device to provideIMSI information indicating IMSIs of subscriber devices which subscribeto first MVNO service to a second HSS device in the MNO, said first MVNOnetwork being a partner to the first MNO network.
 19. The communicationssystem of claim 18, further comprising said second HSS device, saidsecond HSS device including a third processor configured to: operate thesecond HSS device to generate SPID records for subscriber devices whichsubscribe to first MVNO service, each SPID record corresponding to anIMSI of a device identified to the second HSS device by the first HSSdevice; and operate the second HSS device to send the generated SPIDrecords to a relay device in the first MNO network for distribution tobase stations in the first MNO network.
 20. A non-transitory computerreadable medium including computer executable instructions which whenexecuted by a processor of a first Mobile Node Network Operator (MNO)base station cause the first MNO base station to perform the steps of:determining, at a first Mobile Network Operator (MNO) base station, fromRF signal information received from a first UE which receives servicesfrom a first Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) network, whether asignal from a base station in the first MVNO network was detected by afirst UE; when it is determined that the first UE detected a signal froma base station in the first MVNO network, operating the first MNO basestation to disconnect or deny service to the first UE; and when it isdetermined that the first UE did not detect a signal from a base stationin the first MVNO network, operating the first base station to providecommunication service to the first UE via the first MNO base station.